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Introduction
Today, Global warming is the worst headache of the world. Richest countries are not sincere for it Global warming invites many dangerous troubles and difficulties all over the world. The situation of the poor people is worst. In 1992 in Rio De janero and in 2003 in Jonesburg conferences were held for the solution of the global warming, but in the end we failed to follow the rules of the conferences.
Climate changing is speedily going ahead. Industries, Population, Pollution, Vehicles Loss of forests, Dried Rivers Fire of the forests are the main conclusions today, we are facing. we should grow more and more trees though the NGOs and Governments, we should use minimum of Refrigerators, Air conditioners, Vehicles and and others equipments which are directly disturb to ozone, India , China and some others countries are suffering from
Populations and also pollutions.
Bangladesh is facing worst situation in its history. Here, Green planets will focus on Asia tropical region's global warming. Fossil fuels, which release carbon dioxide when burned, are used to generate electricity; heat and light homes and workplaces; power factories and run cars. Unless we reduce population growth and use of fossil fuels, the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will double by sometime in the middle of the next century. The future of Earth's climate may depend partly on the buildup of heat-trapping gases, primarily carbon dioxide, in the atmosphere.
Ecosystems and biodiversity; hydrology and water resources; agriculture, forestry, and fisheries; mountains and coastal lands; and human settlements and human health. This chapter is based primarily on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Second Assessment Report (SAR) (IPCC, 1996), along with results from recent regional studies, such as the Regional Workshop on Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation in Asia and the Pacific held in Manila in January, 1996; national studies, such as the Malaysian National Conference on Climate Change held at the University of Agriculture in August, 1996; and other independent studies.
As a result of the seasonal shifts in weather, a large part of Tropical Asia is exposed to annual floods and droughts. The average annual flood covers vast areas throughout the region; in India and Bangladesh alone, floods cover 7.7 million ha and 3.1 million ha, respectively (GOI, 1992; Mirza and Ericksen, 1996). At least four types of floods are common: riverine flood, flash flood, glacial lake outburst flood, and breached landslide-dam flood (bishayri); the latter two are limited to mountainous regions of Nepal, Bhutan, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia. Flash floods are common in the foothills, mountain borderlands, and steep coastal catchments; riverine floods occur along the courses of the major rivers, broad river valleys, and alluvial plains throughout the region.
Tropical cyclones also are an important feature of the weather and climate in parts of Tropical Asia. Two core areas of cyclogenesis exist in the region: one in the northWestern Pacific Ocean, which particularly affects the Philippines and Viet Nam, and the other in the northern Indian Ocean, which particularly affects Bangladesh. Other extreme events include high-temperature winds, such as those that blow from the northWest into the Ganges valley during January.
In the megacities and large urban areas, high temperatures and heat waves also occur. These phenomena are exacerbated by the urban heat-island effect and air pollution.
The strength of such connections has been demonstrated in several other studies. Suppiah (1997) has found a strong correlation between the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and seasonal rainfall in the dry zone of Sri Lanka; Clarke and Liu (1994) relate recent variations in south Asian sea-level records to zonal ENSO wind stress in the equatorial Pacific. The influence of Indian Ocean sea-surface temperature on the large-scale Asian summer monsoon and hydrological cycle and the relationship between Eurasian snow cover and the Asian summer monsoon also have been substantiated (Sankar-Rao et al., 1996; Zhu and Houghton, 1996). Kripalani et al. (1996) studied rainfall variability over Bangladesh and Nepal and identified its connections with features over India.
Fossil fuels, which release carbon dioxide when burned, are used to generate electricity; heat and light homes and workplaces; power factories and run cars.
Unless we reduce population growth and use of fossil fuels, the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will double by sometime in the middle of the next century.
The future of Earth's climate may depend partly on the buildup of heat-trapping gases, primarily carbon dioxide, in the atmosphere
The Earth is only 5 to 9 degrees warmer today than it was 10,000 years ago during the last ice age. Throughout history, major shifts in temperature occurred at a rate of a few degrees over thousands of years. They were accompanied by radical ecological changes, including the extinction of many species. Manmade global warming is occurring much faster - faster, in fact, than at any time in the past 10,000 years. Unless we slow and ultimately reverse the buildup of greenhouse gases, we will have decades, not millennia, to try to adapt to radical changes in weather patterns, sea levels and serious threats to human health. Increased flooding, storms and agricultural losses could devastate our economy. Plants and animals that cannot adapt to new conditions will be come extinct. The world's leading scientists project that during our children's lifetimes, global warming will raise the average temperature of the planet by 2.7 to 11 degrees Fahrenheit.
Chemicals containing chlorine and bromine are the culprits causing damage to the ozone layer. These include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) mostly used for refrigeration and air-conditioning, and halons, used to extinguish fires.
In 1987 the international community came together to sign the Montreal Protocol convention, under which ozone-depleting substances will eventually be phased out. Yet by the mid-1990s the gradual phase-out schedule had prompted the emergence of a thriving illegal trade in CFCs and halons.
EIA is the only international NGO working to expose the smuggling of ozone-depleting substances, and is the acknowledged expert group on the subject. EIA's detailed evidence on the global illegal trade in CFCs and halons has been presented to Montreal Protocol member countries, as well as enforcement agencies around the world.
EIA's unique investigations into the smuggling networks have taken undercover teams to many countries including the UK, France, Germany, Spain, China, and India. To uncover the illegal trade routes and methods EIA has set up a network of dummy companies to carry out business discussions with the black market brokers and suppliers. EIA investigators posing as chemicals buyers have met face-to-face with the main dealers in Europe and China, gathering incriminating evidence.
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This
chapter is concerned with Tropical Asia, which extends over 80 degrees of
longitude (from 70°E to 150°E) and 40 degrees of latitude (from 30°N to 10°S).
The 16 countries that make up the region range in area from about 61,000 ha
(Singapore) to 300 million ha (India). Three states in the region (Nepal,
Bhutan, and Laos) are landlocked. The region is physically diverse and
ecologically rich in natural and crop-related biodiversity. The present total
population is about 1.6 billion, and the population is projected to increase to
2.4 billion by 2025 although the majority of this population is rural, in 1995,
the region included 6 of the 25 largest cities in the world. Exploitation of
natural resources associated with rapid urbanization, industrialization, and
economic development has led to increasing pollution, declining water quality,
land degradation, and other environmental problems. Climate change represents an
additional stress. Projected climate changes in the region include strengthening
of monsoon circulation, increases in surface temperature, and increases in the
magnitude and frequency of extreme rainfall events. Climate-related effects also
will include sea-level rise. These changes could result in major impacts on the
regions.
The
climate of Tropical Asia is dominated by the two monsoons: The summer southWest
monsoon influences the climate of the region from May to September, and the
winter northeast monsoon controls the climate from November to February. The
monsoons bring most of the region's precipitation and are the most critical
climatic factor in the provision of drinking water and water for rain-fed and
irrigated agriculture.
Geographically
much more extensive is the El Niņo-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon,
which has an especially important influence on the weather and interannual
variability of climate and sea level, especially in the western Pacific Ocean,
South China Sea, Celebes Sea, and northern Indian Ocean. Indeed, the original
historical record of El Niņo events compiled by Quinn et al. (1978) considered
the relationships among Indonesian droughts, the Southern Oscillation, and El Niņo.
For more recent analyses of historical ENSO teleconnections in the Eastern
Hemipshere-based on teak tree-ring data from Java and a drought and famine
chronology from India-see Whetton and Rutherford (1994, 1996).
Life
on Earth depends on the fragile ozone layer to screen out harmful ultraviolet
radiation. In the mid-1980s scientists first observed a 'hole' in this ozone
layer over the Antarctic - resulting from widespread use of a range of
ozone-depleting substances (ODS).